This review focuses on specific noninvasive diagnostic tools that aid in corroborating findings on history and physical examination and provide guidance for the optimal critical limb-threatening management strategy.     

In this review, we examine the current state of bioresorbable technologies for peripheral arterial disease, particularly disease found below the knee.

It appears that novel guidelines may be needed to assess the ischemic pedal flow. These novel diagnostic scales should associate multilevel arterial branching disease classification, standardized calcification indexation, and commonly accepted hemodynamic foot-flow evaluation.

We review here the mechanism of action of OA, supporting clinical study evidence, and corresponding economic analyses.

This review serves to introduce the most recent data with a factor Xa inhibitor as a novel antithrombotic strategy for PAD.